BS ISO 16337 pdf free download

BS ISO 16337-2021 pdf free download.Application of statistical and related methods to new technology and product development process一Robust tolerance design (RTD).
4 Robust tolerance design
4.1 General
A companys product design section normally gives the specifications of a product, that is. the nominai values and tolerances of the design parameters, to the manufacturing section. The manufacturing section uses the designed specifications in manufacturing the product. When specifications specify the limits of a design parameter as m±z, the parameter value x in the manufacturing process should satisfy the following restriction:
m—xm+t, (1)
where m and t denote a nominal value and its permissible difference, respectively. Only the symmetric (±) case is discussed in this document. In the symmetric case, the tolerance is 2, and the permissible difference is half the tolerance.
If the absolute error of a design parameter is larger than the specified permissible difference , the variability in the product output cannot meet the designed performance and specifications.
RTD is used by the design section to set the optimum tolerance for each design parameter to achieve the designed performance, which is evaluated based on the total variance of the product output. The permissible difference of a design parameter is the maximum allowable error around the nominal value in the manufacturing process, and It is closely related to the cost of manufacturing.
The optimum nominal values of the design parameters can be identified by robust parameter design (RPD) through robustness measure, signal-to-noise ratiol1). The selection of a robust product by setting the nominal values as the optimum values using RPD prior to RTD is highly recommended. RPD can optimize the target product by choosing the optimum combination of design parameter nominal values from the viewpoint of the variability of the product output without increasing the costlZl.
If RPD cannot achieve a target variability, RTD is used to identify possible tolerances for achieving the target variability even at a higher cost. Smaller tolerances result in smaller variability, but this requires upgrading the I)arts or elements of the product, which leads to higher manufacturing cost. RTD is used to investigate the balance between product quality and improvement cost.
Even if RPD achieves the target variance, RTD is used, in some cases, to identify larger tolerances than those considered in RPD. Larger tolerances mean larger variability, but if the increased variability satisfies the target variability, the larger tolerances are applicable as they lead to reduced cost of manufacturing the designed product.
The purpose of RTD is to achieve the target variability by setting optimum tolerances from the viewpoints of robustness, performance, and cost. For this purpose, RTD estimates the total variance of the output of the designed product if the tolerance of a design parameter is changed. The total variance can be estimated based on the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Assume that a value x of design parameter F has a linear effect on outputy of the product, as shown in Figure 1 a). If the present permissible difference of x in F is A,, = A, the error distribution of F affects output y with a magnitude of flA. If the permissible difference A of F is reduced to new permissible difference AN = AA jA<1 in Figure 1 a)], the effect of changing A in F on the output is reduced to AIM, and the variance my due to changing A in F is reduced from the present variance VFP to new variance VPN = A2V. As a result, the total output variance is reduced from VTP to VTN jFigure 1 b)].BS ISO 16337 pdf download.